Method of making interchangeable ground-glass bottle-necks and ground-glass stoppers therefor.



C. M. GQNRADSON. METHOD OF MAKXNG INTERGHANG'EABLE GRGND GLASS BOTTLE NEUES AND GROUND GLASS STOPPEB-S lTHFREFOB. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 1s, 190s.

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CONRAD M. CONRADSON, OF MADlSON, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNORy BY MESNE ASSGNMEl'ViS,

TO PRECSION GLASS GRlNDING lllAClllNE (OMPLLNY, OF

. A CORPORATION OF SOUTH DAKOTA.

SIOUX FALLS, SOUTH DAKOTA,

Speeeetion et Letters Fatent.

Patented. March QJ, QOG.

Application filed June 13, 19H8 Serial No. 13138320.

To'alZ whom it nutg/ concern.'

' Beit known that l, (Toniolo M. Conner soN, citizen el the liniled States, residingat Madison, in the county of llano and Stute of l'Viseonsin, have ini-ented (fortuin 'new und useful lmprovi-nnents in lvlethods ol' lflnlinej Intera?hungezrblell rou iu l-G hiss Bottle-Nee :uid Ground-Gloss `Stoppers Thor-olor, et which theiell/owinibr is u specification, referl ence being hed therein to the neeompunying' drawings.

This invention relates to n, proue/ss of grinding the interiors of dass bottle-necks; `:rnd the exteriors of gloss stoppers therefor. The object fthe invention is to produce a method by willi-,lr intei'ehzu'ugfeul)le gloss bottle-necks :1nd e'luss stoppers'nuiy be elfeo 'ively produced by Various forms oi'l riasserinding merluinisms, so to extend the 20 vfield olIv ground glass bottles und Stoppers by makingr them et such u low oost that they een he moreeenerzilly used.

By my method l obvinte the cumbersome and unduly expensive operations ol the old nrt, the linel result of whirh was, und is, thel production of ground glass bottle-necks and Stoppers, of u'hirh no stopper properly vlits any bottle other thun the pfirtieulur hottie with which it was originally united", und el Whieh no bottle properly lits any other stopper than the pzutieulur one with Whieh it was origii'iully lnfited.

The ground-gloss joint-forming irrt, :is it relates to bottles und stoppors, hes loner been, und is, substantially us lollovssz-'llie truncated, none-slutped interior surlnre oll the.

glass bottle-neek, und. the trunrzu ed, oonel slumped exterior surl'znfe ol' the glass stopper, whether blown or formed in molds, ure ini- 10 tiztlly untrue with. rolex-enne to the geometrietl :Lxis ol' the truneuted cone; that is, to the lengthwise fixes oll the bottles-:uid stoppers. 'l`he sind surifu'ies :tre also moreor less rough; that is;'ol a more or less irregular, hill-muhdole condition. The 'first operation in the prior'fu't ,is to gire 'ztpproximutely properl'orm to the said surl'eees. ln. the euse. ol' the lmttle-neeh, u. sli-culled i lapping tool rotatably mounted in e machine hos been used. This tool is cone-shaped, und generally consists el' a wooden core spirully Wrapped with sheet iron. 'lhe Werl-:nien with one hand holds the bottle on the l'ree feeding; with the, other hand :diresive multe-- opposed surl'uees of the end oi the rotating lop, moving the bottle nook beek and forth. o n the lop, longitudinally, while. with the other hund he leeds between the lop and bottle-neel: interior en abrasive mixture. This initial manuel lapping operation isl usually carried on until the desired quantity ol bottle-necks has been lapped. The. strippers are primarily put in o rotating chuck und reughed out by ineens ol.' u dirp, generally consisting of e e pper-leoed strip ol' wood one end oi winch is mechanically held, the workmen with one luuid pressing the. 'free end oi this 7 ueuinst the rotating stopper sur'uoe. W

rial between the stopper and the lop Leaving the stoppers, seriain'lf, nl theehueli, the worlin'uui takes the hotties, seietivm, and holding n. bottle, in one hand, with the other handV leeds abrasive mixture between the stopper and bottle nook., moving the bottle-nook bueh and forth over the stopper until the joint-forming surl'sces el the bottle. ere muted. On the best erode ol' work it is frequently the custom to put eeeh stopper in its bottle, alter the le,opine" operation, and oseillete. them. in relif tion one to another by lumd to perfect the tightness ol `ie-int, .in this old ort, said sui' luces are. in lect used as tools for their own production, one surl'ztoe modifying the otherv in sueh wise that there is no reasonable like lihood of interolnmgeeble nietehility. Consoquently, the Vfurther practice is te tie euch stopper to its own bottle, so ns to keep them. together l'or storage mrd transpoi-tation, eyed l'or vlezuiing before shipment. ln shipping, it is also usuel to insert u bit oi.' peper he tween euch. bottleneoli und its stopper, so es to prevent breulorge. The jobbers und retailers nlso have to keep such bottles and Stoppers in niated pairs, received. Ey the old proeess, u general rule, the seid surlu-ees ere neither )ro ierlv roundV nor streieht',

und ure. therefore exceedingly apt 'to stiell; tl-vgelher; 'und the )mints ere not tight to the prooil uloohol test except by ofi-refill manual l irindingf ol' oooh lstopper in its own bottle. The. pinetieul .resultant Condition of the groi1n l-gless joint nrt es it relates to bottisa1 .nd stoppers is that tue iield of use thereof is comparatively restricted, such bottles Stoppers being unduly expensive end ,'quentlv unsatisfactory,

fio

vbestf is a fact, moren over, t at no one el seid surfsces is uniformly finished, eachsur'lace being irregular at the The advantages of 'the present invention are, elimination' ofthe expense of time and labor of tile o ld. manuel lapping opere-tion sud the production of intercliangeablev bottlenecks and stoppers, which. may lie snipped. seperately and .usedindiscriminstely, size for size.

' I lleve hereiubeliore referred to the trini-` csted, cone shapes of bottle-necks and stoppers, because suoli is the generati shape tliereof; but my new method. is readily ap plicaole to cylindrically shaped glass bottle necks end glass stoppere therefor as Well as ,tonthe truncated, cone-slieped ones.

jpers, vvhen in the irregular condition in which 'they come lromthe molds or glassblowers, irst, to the ection oi rotatslole glass-grinding'fimplement Wliil'e -tlie implement and glass are being orceil or led to getlier or are in contact and also While tlie implement end glass are being moved one in relation to the other, to eilect' e. continuous gru'idinfy surface to ge ground; The glsssgrinfling implement to be used may be' of verious forms, suoli, for example, as a ".vlieel or penu cil. Preferably the glass grinding iunpleu ment is rotated simiilteneously with tliel rotation of tirev glass in the opposite.direc-A tion. The progressive grinding movement 1s obtained vby enrlwisel reoiprocation' oi either or both the grinding implement and.

the glass one to the other-simultaneously with tlierotative movementI and while the im lernentand glass are 1seing pressed to-l et er or fed one sgainst the other. By the rst step in my process, a considerable amount of the superfluous and quite rough glass is gradually removed by the. rotative, longitudinalr and feed movements mentioned.

By andduring this tiret or initial step, tlie' surface is brought approximately to its reH quired size. The result of this initial step oi. my new process also is toy main-l said jointformingsurfaces approximately equi-distant et any given transverse lane trom the lonf gitudmal axes of the gass bodies by the .spiral grindingoperation effected by said movements. The second step in my new method is to subject the initially and spirally ground and sized surface to a rotative, 'progressive iinishing action ol the glassgrindingtool,l without pressing or feeding the' glass andl tool 'together positively, the

-smootli the 'surface operato-d upon.

from. edge toedge oltlie glass movement.

tool and srtiele being maintained, however,

lin such. relation one to the otliertliat there is sonic pressure between them so as to The result oiY tl'iis second step is to spit-ally grind the initially treated surface in all parte, iviiere'lrly a ground joint-forming surface ol' sulxitantially uniform and smootli coniguration is obtained. ll" tlie Working surface of the glass-grinding' implement is of suili silently line abrasive'.riiateiizil, and the 'glass is subjected repeatedly toits action, Without 1 pressure or feed positively, (as herein eX- plained) of the glass 'and implement one against tile other, the ground surface frnally produced may Abe of an approximately plateglass '.inisli; but sven in such case the surface will theoretically, and therefore actu- Velly, be produced by uniform spiral cuttings of infinitesimal nature in the glass. The simultaneous movements ol the first step smoothing oilA or reducing the major irregularities in. the glass surfaces they' are produced iii molding 'and blowing; Wliile the simultsneous 'rotative movement of tlie gless-grindingimplement and the to-ancl-fro alluded to have their own peculiar' eilect in' movement of tlie in'i'pleinent and glass, w'itltout title feeding movement, isk peculiarly one of smoothing i-nlect.l

ln 'the escom nanying drawings illustrating the principle o my. invention, Figure l is a .encil in entering position relatively to the settle-neck, snown in vertical central seotion.

Dotted lines-in the bottle indicate anA -view snowing, in full lines, a glass-cutting n amount oi superfluous rough glass to be' rev moved; end other dotted lines indicate the position of the pencil at the com letionfo the. initial grinding movement. onventional 'arrow signs indicate (l) the rotaitability ori` the pencil; v(2) the reverse remt-ability of the bottlemeelg (3) the relative endv'v'ise' movenient or traverse of tlie pencil a'ildbottle, one tothe other; and (4) the laterel or feed Fig. Z shows the pencil in one of its smoothing ositions during the secondstep oi theinetlio relatively to the bottleneck',

shown in vertical central section, and from which tliesuperlluous glass indicated in Fig. lV has been removed. Conventional arrow siens indicate (l) tile rotatability of the iisl pencil; (2) tlierotetaoility of the bottle-xV neck; and (3') the relative endwise .movement 'or traverse ot' the encil and bottle, one to the other. Fig. 3 s ows, in full lines, a glass grinding wlieel at the beginning of its opera?.

tion in the iirst step ol tlie method relatively to ,a gloss stopper, whereon dotted'lines indicate an amount of superfluous f lass to' be removed.. Dotted lines also indicate the final operation of the wheel on the stopper. Conventional arrow signs indicate (l) the rotatability" oi" the wlieel; (2) the reverse rotstanility et tiie stopper; (3) the traversing tiene@ movement of the wheel and stopper, one to the other, and' (4) the lateral or feed move# ment of the Wheel and st per, one to the other. Fig. 4 shows, in ful lines, the stopper after the superfluous glass indicated in Fig. 8 has been removed, with the wheel in one of its grinding (positions of the second step of the metho Conventional arrow signs A indicate (l) the rotatability of the Wheel; (2) the reverse rotatability oi the stopper; and (3) the relative traverse of the Wheel and stopper.

In Figs. 1' 'and 2,-the glass grinding implement is shown as a pencil i having a Working face 2 which is referably cone-shaped. The

pencil is rotata le as indicated by the arrow sign 3. The glass bottle-neck e, in liig. i is shown with superfluous rough, uneven glass 5 on its interior. T his glass is Uo be removed to the dotted lines 6 in the iirst step of the method. The .bottle neck is rotatable in a direction reverse to the direction ci' the encil, as indicated by the arrow sign 7. 'it 1s to be understood, however, that either the pencil or bottle-neck may be non-'rotative ii preferred. The point is that there should be a rotative movement one to the otherof the pencil andl bottle-neck, and that it is generally desirable to have both rotate, one in a In the` direction the reverse of the other. present instance the rotation of both is indicatedrby the arrow sign 8. The lateral or feed movement of the Working face ot' the encil in relation to the superfluous glass 5 is indicated by the'arrosl'sign 9. The longitudinal movement or traverse of the pencil and bottle-neck is indicated by the arrow sign Ml. ltis not necessary in case fceitlier the iced or traverse movements that both pencil and bottle-neck be moved; it is suflicient it one oai them be moved relative to the other to eilect the feed or' the traverse. ln the case or" the feed, it is preferable to move the pencil 'to the work and press the 'pencil against the work during the rotative and traverse movements until the line 6 is reached. lhen the rough and more or less brittle glass has been ground downto line 6 by the three combined .movements,`(1) the feed, (2) the rotative and (3) the traverse,-the first step of the method is completed. lt then remains-to.

perfect the actual joint-forming surface by smoothing it, as indicated in Fig. 2, and ,this is effected by the combined rotative and traverse motions Without the lateral or feeding movement; the omission of the feeding movement causes the lrotative and traverse movements to eil'ect a ve'ry perfect and regular surface for purposes already described.

By the term feeding .movement herein l refer to ment. It is to be noted that a positive feed a positive or actual feeding ,move- 'movement would prevent the requisite smoothing or the wint-forming surtace,

While the combined rotative and 'traverse movements (without a positive feed movement) do effect the requisite smoothing; of such surface, because, during such. combined movement, the Contact of the grinding. ool with the glass is, in respect tc the'trave'rse movement, a mere sliding contactyyhereby the necessary gentle or polishing abrasion of disjoint-forming surface is ob aine.r

"in Figs. 3 and 4, the glass-grindin implement is in the form of an abrasive 'avaeel i5. ln Fig'. 3, the Wheel is shown working on the exterior surface of a glass bottle stopper i6, the 'portion 17 ot which is to be removed downto the dotted iine it. Arrow sign l@ l indicates the rotatability of the Wheel.; arrow sign 2O indicates the rotatability of the stopper preferably in the reverse direction; arrow sign 21 indicates the relative traverse of 'the wheel and stopper;A and arrow 22 represents the feed movement. The superfluous glass l? having been. removed down to the dotted line 18, the Ylirst step of the method is completed and the smoothing of the second step is effected, as indicated in Fig. 4t, by the combined rotative and traverse movements Without positive feeding movement.

.lt is to be understood that mechanisms of 'various types meybe constructed for effecting the -moveinentsindicated by the arrow signs, whereby the brittlel glass may be treated as herein indicatori for the production of interchangeable ground glass bottle-necks and Stoppers. l

Having; then set crth. the .principle of my invention nd ti present method ol" transforming i rough and uneven surfaces mentioned, intouniorm iioint-:termine surifa'ces, Wl'iet l claim is:

The tired ci melting interchangeable ground ,gi-ass bottle-necks and stoppers j Bisson, 

